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Zhang Chengzhi
Zhang Chengzhi (born 10 September 1948) is a contemporary Hui Chinese author. Often named as the most influential Muslim writer in China, his historical narrative ''History of the Soul'', about the rise of the Jahriyya (哲合忍耶) Sufi order, was the second-most popular book in China in 1994.〔Gladney 2000〕
==Biography==
Zhang was born in Beijing in 1948 to Hui parents of Shandong origin.〔Deng 1989〕 Despite his Muslim ancestry, he was raised as an atheist. He graduated from Tsinghua University Middle School in 1967, at the height of the Cultural Revolution. According to the ''People's Daily'', Zhang was the first person to call himself a "Red Guard"; he used it as his pen name during his student days. Then on May 29, 1966, just two weeks after the ''People's Daily'' announced the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Zhang convinced around ten other senior-level students to use the collective name "Mao Zedong's Red Guards" in addition to their individual signatures when signing a large-character poster denouncing their school officials; three days later, they issued another large-character poster under the same collective name, entitled "We Must Resolutely Carry Out the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to its End", with over one hundred signatures. Soon, students from all over Beijing began to call themselves "Red Guards".〔People's Daily 2001-04-13. Original title: "坚决把无产阶级文化大革命进行到底"〕〔Fisac 2003: 163〕
After his graduation, Zhang was "sent down" to Ujimqin Banner in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, where he lived for four years before returning to Beijing.〔G. Yuan 2004〕〔Ujimqin Banner is administratively divided into East Ujimqin Banner and West Ujimqin Banner; sources do not specify exactly where Zhang worked〕 Soon after his return, he entered the archaeology department of Peking University, graduating in 1975. He began his writing career in 1978, with the publication of a poem in Mongolian entitled "Son of the People" (做人民之子/''Arad-un-huu'') and a Chinese-language short story "Why does the rider sing?" (骑手为什么歌唱).〔Xinhua 2006-05-17〕 That same year, he entered a master's program in history at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences's Department of Minority Languages, from which he graduated in 1981. In 1983, he received funding to go to Japan as an international exchange scholar, where he conducted research at Tokyo's Tōyō Bunko, the largest Asian studies library in Japan.〔 Aside from Chinese and Mongolian, Zhang also speaks Japanese, and once audited a class in Kazakh at the Central University for Nationalities.〔''The Black Steed'', English edition back matter〕〔Xinhua 2004-03-15〕
Zhang noted that during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Hui Muslims were suspicious of the intentions of Japanese researchers and deliberately concealed important religious information from them when interviewed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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